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Plants and herbs with special attribute-mission: Acid-tolerant plants Alkaline-tolerant plants Aromatic plants Attract butterflies Attract birds Attract hummingbirds Attract and repel Insects Deer-resistant plants Drought-tolerant plants Edible flowers Flowers for drying Medicinal plants Rabbit-resistant plants Salt-tolerant plants Sandy-tolerant plants Shade-tolerant plants Toxic plants Walnut resistant plants Water plants

Acid-tolerant plants (soil with a pH below 5.5)

Rhododendrons (Azaleas) Epimedium (Barrenwort) Ferns Creeping Gardenia Gaultheria Heaths and Heathers Hosta (Plantain lily) Pachysandra Sarcococca (Christmas box, sweet box) Vancouveria Tiarella (Foam flower)

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Alkaline-tolerant soil (soil with a pH 7.5 to 8.4)

Flowers Madonna lily Purple coneflower Phlox Candytuft

Trees and shrubs Acer negundo (Box elder) Albizia (Silk tree) Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) Casuarina (Beefwood) Celtis (Hackberry) Cercocarpus (Mountain mahogany) Deutzia Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) Forsythia Fraxinus velutina (Velvet ash) Hibiscus syriacus (Rose-of-Sharon) Kerria (Japanese rose) Lonicera fragrantissima (Fragrant honeysuckle) Malus sargentii (Sargent crabapple) Philadelphus (Mock orange) Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm) Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood) Potentilla fruticosa (Bush cinquefoil) Robinia (Locust) Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda tree) Spiraea x vanhouttei (Bridal-wreath) Viburnum dentatum (Arrowwood) V. dilatatum (Linden viburnum) Washingtonia (Washington palm) Ziziphus jujuba (Common jujube) Back to Top

Aromatic plants

Head fragrant notes: lively but fleeting

Citrus scents: Bee balm Butterfly bush Calamondin Citrus bergamot Damask rose 'Madamew Hardy' English rose 'Heritage' Eucalyptus citriodora' (scented foliage only) Gas plant (scented foliage only) Hybrid tea rose 'Fragrant Cloud' Lemon Lemon daylily Mock orange Orange Osmanthus spp. Pelargonium crispum Skimmia japonica Herbal scents: Allium spp. Basil (scented foliage only) Bay laurel Dill (scented foliage only) Lavender Lemon balm (scented foliage only) Lovage (scented foliage only) Oregano(scented foliage only) Mint (scented foliage only) Rosemary (scented foliage only) Sage (scented foliage only) Scarlet sage (scented foliage only) Thyme (scented foliage only) Wormwood (scented foliage only)

Fragrant middles notes: longer lasting and somewhat more potent

Flowery scents: Alba rose 'Konigin van Danemark' Cyclamen spp. Daphne Daylily Floribunda rose Escapade Honeysuckle Hyacinth Hybrid tea rose 'Mr. Lincoln' Jasmine Lilac Lily-of-the-Valley Orrisroot Osmanthus spp. Pelargonium graveolens (scented foliage only) Ptelea trifoliata Tuberose Wintersweet

Green scents:

Culinary herbs Ferns Hay Ivy Leaves Lichen Mint Moss Sweet woodruff

Fruit-sugar scents:

Apple Apricot Bay laurel Butterfly bush Coconut Crocosmia spp. False acacia Freesia Garden phlox Gorse Iris Jonquil Laburnum Lupin Mahonia spp. Mignonette Mimosa Peach Pear Pineapple sage Quince Rambler roses 'Seagull' 'Kiftsgate'. 'Bobbie James' Raspberry Snapdragon Sweet box Sweet pea Viburnum bodnantense Wisteria

Spicy scents:

Anise Apple Carnation Chocolate cosmos Cinnamon Clematis armandii Clove current Cloves Cranesbill Crossvine Curry plant Damask rose 'Kazanlik' Fennel (scented foliage only) Ginger Katsura tree (scented foliage only) Mexican orange Moonflower Pelargonium quercifolium (scented foliage only) Rugosa roses 'Blanc Double de Coubert', 'Delicata' Spanish broom Spicebush Stachys citrina Sweet fern Viburnum x burkwoodi Wallflower

The Fragrant base notes: Stronger and more persistent, they are the last to appear

Resinous scents: Camphor tree (scented foliage only) Cedar (scented foliage only) Cherry birch Douglas fir (scented foliage only) English roses 'Constance Spry', 'Fair Bianca' False cyrpess (scented foliage only) Feverfew (scented foliage only) Gallica roses 'Belle Isis', 'Charles de Mills' Juniper (scented foliage only) Madonna Lily Moss Myrrh Nothofagus antarctica (scented foliage only) Pine (scented foliage only) Rockrose (scented foliage only) Sandalwood Wormwood (scented foliage only) Balsamic scents: Balsam poplar (scented foliage only) Datura English bluebell Flowering tobacco Four-o'clock Gladiolus Heliotrope Hybrid musk roses 'Cornelia', 'Penelope' Lavender cotton (scented foliage only) Monkey flower Moss rose buds Rhododendron kongboense (scented foliage only) Russian sage (scented foliage only) Back to Top

Attract Birds Flowers Ajuga (Ajuga reptans) Alyssum (Lobularia maritima) Aster (Aster spp.) Bachelor Button Bearded tongue (Penstemon spp.) Bee balm (Monarda spp.) Bell flower (Campanula) Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) Brown-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia triloba) Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) Calendula (Calendula spp.) California Poppy Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Chrysanthemum Columbine (Aquilegia spp.) Coneflower, Purple (Echinacea purpurea) Coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea) Coreopsis (Coreopsis spp.) Cosmos (Cosmos spp.) Dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis) Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.) Forget-me-not (Myosotis spp.) Four O'Clock (Mirabilis jalapa) Foxglove (Digitalis grandiflora) Gaillardia (Gaillardia spp.) Gentian (Gentiana spp.) Geranium, Wild (Geranium manculatum) Goldenrod (Solidago spp.) Hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.) Hollyhock (Alcea rosea) Indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea) Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum) Lantana (Lantana montevidensis) Larkspur (Consolida ambigua) Liastris (Liastris spp.) Mallow (Malva spp.) Marigold (Tagetes spp.) Mexican blue sage (Salvia leucantha) Mexican sunflower (Tithonia rotundifolia) Milkweed (Asclepias spp.) Mullein (Verbascum spp.) Nicotiana (Nicotiana alata) Partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata) Penstemon (Penstemon spp.) Pentas (Pentas spp.) Petunia (Petunia hybrida) Phlox (Phlox spp.) Pineapple sage (Salvia elegans) Poppy, Oriental (Papaver orientale) Primrose (Primula spp.) Red hot poker (Kniphofia uvaris) Sage (Salvia spp.) Scabiosa (Scabiosa spp.) Sedum (Sedum spp.) Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) St. John's wort (Hypericum spp.) Sunflower (Helainthus spp.) Sunflower, Swamp (Helianthus angustifolius) Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) Thickseed (Biden spp.) Thistle (Cirsium spp.) Verbena (Verbena rigida) Yarrow (Achillea spp.) Zinnia (Zinnia spp.) Trees Ash, White (Fraxinus americana) Ash, Green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Bayberry Beech, American (Fagus grandifolia) Birch, River (Betula nigra) Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) Black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) Boxelder (Acer negundo) Buckthorn, Common (Rhamnus cathartica) Buckthorn, Carolina (Rhamnus carolinianus) Carolina cherry laurel (Prunus caroliana) Cedar (Juniper) Cherry Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) Crab Apple (Malus spp.) Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata) Devilwood (Osmanthus americanus) Dogwood Eastern Hemlock Hackberry (Celtis spp.) Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Hemlock, Eastern (Tsuga canadensis) Hickory (Carya spp.) Holly, Dahoon (Ilex cassine) Holly, Yaupon (Ilex vomitoria) Holly, American (Ilex opaca) Hop hornbean (Ostrya virginiana) Ironwood (Carpinus carolina) Japanese Maple Magnolia, Sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana) Magnolia, Fraser (Magnolia fraseri) Magnolia, Southern (Magnolia grandiflora) Maple (Acer spp.) Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) Mountain ash (Sorbus americana) Mulberry (Morus spp.) Palm, Cabbage (Sabel palmetto) Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Pecan (Carya illinoesis) Persimmon, Common (Diospyros virginiana) Pine (Pinus spp.) Plum, American (Prunus americana) Popular, Tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera) Possomhaw (Ilex decidua) Redbay (Persa borbonia) Redbud (Cercis canadensis) Serviceberry Sumac Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Yellowwood (Cladrastis kentukea) Shrubs Barberry, Japanese (Berberis thunbergii) Barberry, Wintergreen (Berberis julianae) Bayberry, Northern (Myrica pennsylvanica) Beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) Burning bush (Euonymus alatus) Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii) Cotoneaster, Cranberry (Cotoneaster apiculatus) Cotoneaster, Bearberry (Cotoneaster dammeri) Cotoneaster, Rockspray (Cotoneaster horizontalis) Devils' walking stick (Aralia spinosa) Dogwood, Silky (Cornus amonum) Dogwood, Redosier (Cornus sericea) Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) Fothergilla (Forthergilla major) Hydrangea, Oakleaf (Hydrangea quercifolia) Inkberry (Ilex glabra) Itea (Itea virginica) Juniper, Common (Juniperous communsis) Juniper, Creeping (Juniperous horizontalis) Juniper, Chinese (Juniperous chinensis) Mahonia (Mahonia spp.) Nandina (Nandina domestica) Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago) New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) Privet (Ligustrum spp.) Pyrancantha (Pyrancatha spp.) Rosa, Rugosa (Rosa rugosa) Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia) Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) Southern arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum) Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) Sumac, Smooth (Rhus glabra) Sumac, Staghorn (Rhus typhina) Sumac, Shinning (Rhus chinensis) Sumac, Winged (Rhus copallia) Sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) Viburnum, Maplewood (Viburnum acerifolium) Viburnum, Walter's (Viburnum obovatum) Viburnum, Sielbold (Viburnum sieboldi) Viburnum, Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium) Vines Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) Carolina moonseed (Cocculus carolinus) Cross vine (Bignonia capreolata) Grape, Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) Greenbrier; Smilax (Smilax spp.) Honeysuckle, Coral (Lonicera sempervirens) Honeysuckle, Japanese (Lonicera japonica) Ivy, English (Hedera helix) Ivy, Boston (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) Pepper vine (Ampelopsis) Rose, Virginia (Rosa virginiana) Rose, Swamp (Rosa palustris) Rose, Carolina (Rosa carolina) Trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) Back to Top

Attract Butterflies Achillea (Yarrow) Agastache Armeria Arucus (Goat's Beard) Asclepias (Butterfly Weed) Aster Borage Buddleia (Butterfly Bush) Calendula Centaurea (Bachelor Button) Coreopsis (Tickweed) Cosmos Echinacea (Coneflower) Echinops Erigeron (Fleabane) Eupatorium (Joe Pye Weed) Dianthus (Pinks/Carnation) Digitalis (Foxglove) Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) Helianthus (Sun Flower) Heliopsis (False Sun Flower) Hesperis Heuchera (Coral Bells) Iberis (Candytuft) Lavandula (Lavendar) Liatris (Gayfeather) Lobelia (Cardinal Flower) Lupinus (Lupine) Marigold Mexican Sunflower Monarda Bee Balm Parsley Red Clover Phlox Rudbeckia (Black Eyed Susan) Salvia Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower) Sedum (Stonecrop) Veronica (Speedwell) Viola Violet White Clover Yarrow Back to Top

Attract Hummingbirds

Abelia Aesculus pavia Agastache (Anise Hyssop) Antirrhinum (Snapdragon) Aquilegia (Columbine) Asclepias (Butterfly Weed) Buddleia (Butterfly Bush) Campsis (Trumpet Vine) Chelone (Turtlehead) Cleome (Spider Plant) Crocosmia, Dicentra (Bleeding Heart) Digitalis (Foxglove) GeraniumHemerocallis (Daylily) Hesperis (Dame's Rocket) Heuchera (Coral Bells) Hibiscus (Rose of Sharon) HollyhockHostaKniphofia (Red Hot Poker) Liatris (Gayfeather) Lilac (Syringa) Lobelia (Cardinal Flower) Lupinus (Lupine) Monarda (Bee Balm) Odontonema Strictum (Firespike) Penstemon Salvia Scabiosa Verbena Weigela Back to Top

Plant & Herbs to Attract and Repel Insects Achiliea spp.(Yarrow): Attracts these beneficial insects. Hover flies, lady beetles, parasitic wasps. Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny amaranth): Attracts these beneficial insects. Black cutworms. Anethum graveolens (Dill) Attracts these beneficial insects. Aphids predators and parasites. Angelica Archangelica (Angelica) Attracts these beneficial insects. Lacewings, lady beetles, parasitic wasps. Artemisia abrotanum (Southernwood) Repels these Harmful Insects Moths, flea beetles from cabbage. Artemisia spp. (Wormwood) Repels these Harmful Insects Flea beetles on cabbage. Aster spp.(Asters) Attracts these beneficial insects. Honeybees, Ichneumonid wasps Black locust: Attracts these beneficial insects: Lady beetles Borago officinalis (Borage) Attracts these beneficial insects. Honeybees Brassica spp. (Mustards)Attracts these beneficial insects. flowers attract parasites, especially of cabbageworms. Repels these Harmful Insects Aphids from neighbouring brussel sprouts and collards. Carum carvi (Caraway) Attracts these beneficial insects. Parasitic Wasps Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn) Attracts these beneficial insects. Winter host of parasite of diamond-back moth. Daucus carota var. (Queen-Anne's Lace) Attracts these beneficial insects. Many parasitic wasps and flies, hover flies, Japanese beetle parasites, lady beetles, minute pirate bugs. Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Attracts these beneficial insects. Hover flies, parasitic wasps,tachinid flies. Hedera spp. (Ivy) Attracts these beneficial insects. Hover flies,tachinid flies. Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomatoe) Repels these Harmful Insects Flea beetles on cabbage. Melilotus alba (Sweet Clover) Attracts these beneficial insects. Honeybees, tachinid fly parasites of many catapillars. Nepeta cataria (Catnip) Attracts these beneficial insects. Bees, imported cabbage worms, parasitic wasps. Repels these Harmful Insects Green peach aphids, flea beetles, squash bugs, cucumber beetles. Phacelia spp. (Scorpion Weeds) Attracts these beneficial insects. Honeybees, numerous parasitic wasps, tachnid flies. Pimpinella anisum (Anise) Attracts these beneficial insects. Parasitic wasps. Repels these Harmful Insects Slightly repels imported cabbage worm. Raphanus sativus (Radish) Repels these Harmful Insects Striped Cucumber Beetle Repels these Harmful Insects Root-knot nematodes. Secale cereale (Rye) Attracts these beneficial insects. Rove Beetles Solidago spp.(Goldenrod) Attracts these beneficial insects. Honeybees, lacewings, minute pirate bugs, soldier beetles, spiders, other predators, and many parasites. Spergula arvensis (Corn spurry) Attracts these beneficial insects. Predators and parasites of cabbage pests. Repels these Harmful Insects Caterpillars, aphids, rootworms. Tagetes spp. (Marigolds) Attracts these beneficial insects. Hover flies. Repels these Harmful Insects Colorado Potatoe Beetles, Root nematodes, Mexican bean beetles, aphids. Tanacetum vulgare (Tansy) Attracts these beneficial insects. Imported cabbageworms Repels these Harmful Insects Slightly repels green peach aphids, squash bugs, Colorado Potatoe beetle. Taraxacum offininale (Dandelion) Attracts these beneficial insects. Pollen for lacewings, lady beetles and other predators. Repels these Harmful Insects Colorado Potatoe Beetle Trifolium repens (White clover) Attracts these beneficial insects. Parasites of aphids and cabbageworms, shelters ground beetles and spiders. Repels these Harmful Insects Cabbage root flies. Tropaeolum majus (Nasturtium) Repels these Harmful Insects Slightly repels Colorado Potatoe Beetle Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) Attracts these beneficial insects. Numerous predators, parasites, alternate hosts of aphid predators. Back to Top

Deer-resistant plants

Achillea (Yarrow) Aconitum (Monkshood) Agastache (Anise Hyssop) Alchemilla (Lady's Mantle) Allium (Ornamental Chives) Amsonia (Blue Star) Aquilegia (Columbine) Artemisia (Wormwood) Asclepias (Butterfly Weed) Aspidistra elatior (Cast Iron Plant) Berberis Thunbergii (Barberry) Buddleia Davidii (Butterfly Bush) Buxus (Boxwood) Calamintha (Calamint) Caryopteris (Bluebeard) Cimicifuga (Bugbane) Corydalis Crocosmia (Montbretia) Cyrtomium falcatum (Holly Fern) Daphne (Daphne) Dicentra (Bleeding Hearts) Digitalis (Foxglove) Echinops (Globe Thistle) Euphorbia (Spurge) Ferns Filipendula (Dropwort) Galium (Sweet Woodruff) Genista (Broom) Geranium-Hardy, Scented Geranium; Cranesbill Grasses-Ornamental Grass and Carex Helleborus (Hellebore) Hypericum (St. John's Wort) Hyssopus (Hyssop) Iris Siberica (Siberian Iris) Kolkwitzia (Beauty Bush) Lamium (Dead Nettles) Lavandula (Lavender) Lespedeza Linaria (Toadflax) Lychnis (Rose Campion) Melissa (Lemon Balm) Mentha (Mint) Monarda (Bee Balm) Myrica (Northern Bayberry) Nepeta (Catnip) Nipponanthemum (Montauk Daisy) Origanum (Oregano) Paeonia (Peony) Papaver Orientale (Poppy) Perovskia (Russian Sage) Phlox Subulata (Moss Pinks) Picea (Spruce) Potentilla (Cinquefoil) Pulmonaria (Lungwort) Pycnanthemum (American Mountain Mint) Rheum (Ornamental Rhubarb) Rhus (Sumac) Ruta (Herb of Grace) Salvia Coccinea (Scarlet Sage) Salvia Officinalis (Garden Sage) Salvia (Meadow Sage) Saponaria (Soapwort) Satureya (Winter Savory) Senecio (Golden Ragwort) Stachys (Lamb's Ear) Symphytum (Comfrey) Tanacetum (Tansy) Teucrium (Germander) Thymus (Thyme) Verbascum (Mullein) Yucca (Adam's Needle) Back to Top

Drought-tolerant plant

Albizia julibrissin (Silk tree) Arbutus unedo (Strawberry tree) Carpinus (Hornbeam) Cercis (Redbud) Cercocarpus (Mountain mahogany) Cotoneaster Crataegus (Hawthorn) Elaeagnus Ginkgo (Maidenhair tree) Juniperus (Juniper) Koelreuteria (Golden-rain tree) Pinus edulis (Pinyon pine) Pinus mugo var. mugo (Dwarf mugho pine) Potentilla fruticosa (Cinquefoil) Rosmarinus (Rosemary)

Edible Flowers Bee Balm Chives Daylilies Dianthus Hollyhocks Lavender Nasturtiums Pansies Roses Scented geraniums Squash blossoms Sunflowers Tulips Violets

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Flowers for drying Agrostemma githago (Corn Cockle: Milas Rose Queen) Alchemilla mollis 'Thriller' (Lady's Mantle thriller) Alyssoides utriculata (Tinkerbells) Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Green Thumb) Ammi majus L. (Bishop's Flower) Ammi majus L. (Bishop's Flower) Annual Ammobium alatum (Winged Everlasting) Aquilegea (Columbine: Mckana's Giant Mix) Berlandiera lyrata (Chocolate Flower) Carthamus tinctorius 'Grenade' (Safflower) Centaurea (Amberboa) Mosehata (Cornflower - Bachelor Button Sweet Sultan Imperialis) Centaurea Cyanus (Cornflower - Bachelor Button Black Magic, Bachelor Button Blue Boy, Bachelor Button Dwarf Blend ) Cleome Spinosa (Cleome Cherry Queen & Cleome violet Queen) Cleosia argentea plumose (Pampas Plume) Consilida ambigua (Larkspur American Flag, Larkspur Rose, Larkspur Blue, Larkspur Giant Imperial, Larkspur Sublime Bicolor) Coreopsis lanceolata (Coreopsis Double Sunburst) Echinopsis ritro (Globe Thistle) Gomphrena globosa 'Choice Mix' (Globe Amaranth) Gomphrena haageana (Gomphrena Strawberry Fields) Gypsophila elegans (Baby's Breath) Helichrysum bracteatum (Strawflowers) Helipterum roseum (Pierrot) Kanutia macedonica (Kanutia) Lagurus ovatus (Grass - Bunny Tails) Annual Limonium sinuatum (Statice Sinuata) Lunaria annus (Money Plant) Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile) Annual Molucella laevis (Bells of Ireland) Nigella damascena 'Miss Jekyll' (Love-in-a-Mist) Physalis aikekengi (Chinese Lantern) Physalis alkekengi (Chinese Lantern) Salvia farinacea (Salvia Blue Victoria) Scabiosa stellata (Ping Pong Flower) Xeranthemum annuum (Immortelle) Zinnia angustifolia (Zinnia White Star) Zinnia elegans (Zinnia Cactus Flower 'Giant Fantasy', Zinnia California Giant, Zinnia Canary Bird, Zinnia Envy Zinnia haageana mexicana (Zinnia Persian Carpet) Zinnia Peppermint Stick, Zinnia Scarlet Flame, Zinnia Thumbellina ) Zinnia pumila (Zinnia Cut and Come Again)

Medicinal plants

They have been grouped alphabetically according to their most common English name. The scientific designation follows in each case. Aloe, Aloe vera syn. A. barbadensis (Liliaceae): Heals wounds, emollient, laxative. Angelica, Angelica arcangelica (Umbelliferae): Antispasmodic, promotes menstrual flow. Anise, Pimpinella anisum (Umbelliferae):Reduces colic and flatulence, promotes digestion, antispasmodic Arnica, Arnica montana (Compositae): Anti-inflammatory, germicide, muscular soreness, pain re leaving. Arrowroot, Maranta arundinacea (Marantaceae): Anti-inflammatory, digestive, antiseptic. Artemisia, Artemisia absinthium (Compositae): Bitter, carminative, muscle relaxer, antiseptic. Basil, Ocimum sanctum (Labiatae): Lowers blood sugar levels, antispasmodic, analgesic, lowers blood pressure, reduces fever, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory. Belladona, Atropa belladonna (Solanaceae): Smooth muscle, antispasmodic, narcotic, reduces sweating, sedative. Benzoin, Styrax benzoin (Styraceae): Antiseptic, astringent, anti-inflammatory. Bergamot, Citrus bergamia syn. C. aurantium var. bergamia (Rutaceae): Disinfectant, muscle relaxant. Bitter orange, Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae):Anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, digestive. Boldo, Peumus boldus (Umbelliferae): Bile and liver activity stimulant, digestive. Calendula, Calendula officinallis (Compositae): Anti-inflammatory, astringent, heals wounds, antiseptic, detoxifying. Camphor,Cinnamomum camphora syn. Laurus camphora (Lauraceae): Antiseptic, antispasmodic, analgesic, expectorant. Cardamon, Elettaria cardamomum (Zingiberaceae): Eases stomach pain, carminative, aromatic, antispasmodic. Cardus, Carduus marianus syn. Silybum marianum (Compositae): Digestive, liver tonic, stimulates secretion of bile, increases breast-milk production, antidepressant. Celery, Apium graveolens (Umbelliferae):Anti-rheumatic, antispasmodic, diuretic, urinary antiseptic. Chamomile, Chamomilla recutita syn. Matricaria recutita (Compositae): Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, relaxant, carminative, bitter, nervine. Chicory, Cicorium intybus (Compositae): Digestive, liver tonic, anti-rheumatic, mild laxative. Cinnamon, Cinnamomum verum syn. C. zeylanicum (Lauraceae): Warming stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, antiseptic, anti-viral. Clove, Eugenia caryophyllata syn. Syzgium aromaticum (Myrtaceae): Antiseptic, mind and body stimulant, analgesic, antibacterial, carminative. Comfrey, Symphytum officinale (Boraginaceae): Digestive problems, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, astringent. Coriander, Coriandrum sativum (Umbelliferae): Digestive, antispasmodic, anti-rheumatic. Cymbopogon, Cymbopogon citratus (Gramineae): Digestive, antispasmodic, analgesic. Damiana, Turnera diffusa syn. T. diffusa var. aphrodisiaca (Turneraceae): Nerve tonic, antidepressant, urinary antiseptic. Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale (Compositae): Diuretic, digestive, antibiotic, bitter. Dill, Anethum graveolens syn. Peucedanum graveolens (Umbelliferae): Digestive, antibacterial, antispasmodic, diuretic. Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae): Antiseptic, expectorant, stimulates local blood flow, anti-fungal. Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae): Digestive, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory. Garlic, Allium sativum (Liliaceae): Antibiotic, expectorant, diaphoretic, hypotensive, antispasmodic, expels worms. Gentian, Gentiana lutea (Gentianaceae): Bitter, digestive stimulant, eases stomach pain. Ginger, Zingiber officinali (Zingiberaceae): Diaphoretic, carminative, circulatory stimulant, inhibits coughing, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic. Ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae): Circulatory stimulant and tonic, anti-asthmatic, antispasmodic, anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory. Ginseng, Panax ginseng (Araliaceae): Tonic, stimulant, physical and mental re vitalizer. Gumplant, Grindelia camporum syn. G. robusta var. rigida (Compositae): Anti-spasmodic, expectorant, hypotensive. Hamamelis, Hamamamelis virginiana (Hamamelidaceae): Astringent, anti-inflammatory, stops external and internal bleeding. Hawthorn, Crataegus oxyacantha & C. monogyna (Rosaceae): Cardiotonic, diuretic, astringent, dilates blood vessels, relaxant, antioxidant. Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis (Labiatae): Anti-spasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatic. jasmine, Jasminum grandiflorum (Oleaceae): Aromatic, anti-spasmodic, expectorant. Juniper, Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae): Diuretic, anti-microbial, carminative, anti-rheumatic. Laurel, Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae): Astringent, digestive. Lavender, Lavandula officinalis syn. L. angustifolia (Labiatae): Carminative, relieves muscle spasms, antidepressant, antiseptic and antibacterial, stimulates blood flow. Lemon, Citrus Limon (Rutaceae): Antiseptic, anti-rheumatic, antibacterial, antioxidant, reduces fever. Malva, Malva silvestris (Malvaceae): Anti-inflammatory, emollient, astringent, laxative. Marjoram, Origanum vulgare (Labiatae): Antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, digestive. Mate, Hex paraguariensis syn. I. paraguensis (Aquifoliaceae): Stimulant, diuretic, analgesic. Melissa, Melissa officinalis (Labiatae): Relaxant, antispasmodic, increases sweating, carminative, anti-viral, nerve tonic. Mistletoe: Viscum album (Loranthaceae): Tranquilizer, reduces pain, controls blood pressure. Motherwort, Leonurus cardiaca (Labiatae): Nervine, emmenagogue, anti-spasmodic, hepatic, hypotensive, cardiac tonic. Myrrh, Commiphora molmol syn. C. myrrha (Burseraceae): Stimulant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, expectorant, antispasmodic, carminative. Myrtle, Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae): Antiseptic, astringent, expectorant. Nettle, Urtica dioica (Urticaceae): Diuretic, tonic, astringent, prevents hemorrhaging, anti-allergenic, reduces prostate enlargement (root). Olive, Olea europaea (Oleaceae): Digestive, diuretic, anti-inflammatory. Palmetto, Sabal serrulata syn. Serenoa serrulata (Palmaceae): Tonic, diuretic, sedative, anabolic. Parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Umbelliferae): Digestive, diuretic. Passiflora, Passiflora incarnata (Passifloraceae): Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, hypotensive sedative, tranquilizing. Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin syn. P. patchouli (Labiatae): Antiseptic, aromatic, antidepressant. Peonia, Paeonia lactiflora syn. P. albiflora (Paeoniaceae): Antispasmodic, tonic, astringent, analgesic. Peppermint, Mentha piperita (Labiatae): Carminative, relieves muscle spasms, increases sweating, stimulates secretion of bile, antiseptic. Pepper, Piper nigrum (Piperaceae): Antibacterial, antiseptic, digestive, reduces fever. Radish, Raphanus sativus (Cruciferae): Digestive, mild laxative. Rauvolfia, Rauvolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae): Antidepressant, lowers blood pressure. Rhubarb, Rheum palmatum (Polysonaceae): Laxative, constipating, astringent, eases stomach pain, antibacterial. Rose, Rosa gallica (Rosaceae), Aromatic, antidepressant,, sedative, anti-inflammatory. Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae): Tonic, stimulant, astringent, nervine, anti-inflammatory, carminative. Rue, Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae): Antispasmodic, increases peripheral blood circulation, relieves eye tension. Sage, Salvia sclarea (Labiatae): Astringent, antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, estrogenic, reduces sweating, tonic. Sage, Salvia officinalis (Labiatae): Astringent, antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, estrogenic, reduces sweating, tonic. Sandalwood, Santalum album (Santalaceae): Antiseptic, aromatic. Sarsaparilla, Smilax spp. (Liliaceae): Diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic. Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae): Antiseptic, diuretic and anti-rheumatic. Sesame, Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae): Digestive, aromatic, antispasmodic. St john's wort, Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae), Antidepressant, antispasmodic, astringent, sedative, relieves pain, anti-viral. Tarragon, Artemisia dracunculus (Compositae): Anti-inflammatory, digestive. Tea tree, Malaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae): Antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral. Thyme, Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae): Antiseptic, tonic, relieves muscle spasm, expectorant. Turmeric, Curcuma longa syn. C. domestica (Zingiberaceae): Stimulates secretion of bile, anti-inflammatory, eases stomach pain, antioxidant, antibacterial. Valerian, Valeriana officinalis (Valerianaceae): Sedative, relaxant, relieves muscle spasm, relieves anxiety, lowers blood pressure. Verbena, Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae): Nervine, tonic, mild sedative, stimulates bile secretion, mild bitter. White willow, Salix alba (Salicaceae): Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, reduces fever, anti-rheumatic, astringent. Wild thyme, Thymus serpyllum (Labiatae): Antiseptic, anti-fungal, antispasmodic. Wormwood, Artemisia absinthium (Compositae): Aromatic bitter, stimulates secretion of bile, anti-inflammatory, eliminates worms, eases Stomach pains, mild antidepressant. Yarrow, Achillea millefolium (Compositae): Antispasmodic, astringent, bitter tonic, increases sweating, lowers blood pressure, reduces fever, mild diuretic and urinary antiseptic. Ylang-ylang, Canananga odorata syn. Canangium odoratum (Annonaceae): Antiseptic, aromatic, regulates blood pressure Back to Top

Rabbit-resistant plants

Perennials Achillea(Yarrow) Agastache(Just Peachy) Agastache(Shades of Orange) Agastache(Licorice Mint) Agave(Century Plant) Amphora(Lead Plant) Aquilegia(Columbine) Artemisia(Sage) Cacti Digitalis(Foxglove) Gaillardia (Firewheel) Geraniums(Hardy Geraniums) Kniphofia(Red Hot Poker) Lavandula(Lavender) Narcissus(Daffodils) Nepeta(Blue Catnip) Origanum(Oregano) Oxytropis(Locoweed) Penstemons Paeonia(Peony) Rosmarinus(Rosemary) Salvia Santolina Scrophularia(Redbirds in a Tree) Sedum(Stone Crop) Stanelya (Prince's Plume) Tagetes (Perennial Marigold) Tanacetum vulgaris Crispum (also an ant repellent plant) Thymus species Tritoma Yucca Zinnia grandiflora Zizophora(Blue Mint Bush) Shrubs Caryopteris(Spiraea) Chrysothamnus(Chamisa) Cytisus(Hardy Broom) Falugia(Apache Plume) Perovskia(Russian Sage) Back to Top

Salt-tolerant plants

Asparagus Fern Austrian Pine California Fan Palm Calliucarpa Americana (American Beautyberry) Century Plant Chokecherry Creeping juniper Firecracker Florida Sabal Palm Honeysuckle Ice Plant Lilac Mexican Fan Palm Natal Plum 'Green Carpet' Norfolk Pine Norway maple Peashrub Periwinkle Pivina Humilis (Pigeonberry) Red oak Rosemary Russian olive Salvia coccinea (Scarlet Sage) Sea buckthorn Sumac Texas Sabal Palm Virginia creeper Wedelia Trilobota (Wedelia) White ash Back to Top

Sandy-tolerant plants

Trees Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington hawthorn) Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) Ilex opaca (American holly) Juniperus virginiana (Eastern red cedar) Malus (Crabapple) Nyssa sylvatica (Sour gum) Parkinsonia aculeata (Jerusalem thorn) Picea glauca (White spruce) Pinus banksiana (Jack pine) P. echinata (Yellow pine) P. elliottii (Slash pine) P. resinosa (Red pine) P. rigida (Pitch pine) P. strobus (Eastern white pine) P. thunbergiana (Japanese black pine) Platanus x acerifolia (London plane tree) Populus alba (White poplar) Quercus alba (White oak) Q. palustris (Pin oak) Q. stellata (Post oak) Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda tree) Tamarix parviflora (Tamarisk) Vaccinium corymbosum (Highbush blueberry) Weigela florida (Weigela)

Shrubs

Aronia arbutifolia (Red chokeberry) Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry Buddleia davidii Orange-eye butterfly bush Chaenomeles speciosa Flowering quince Juniperuschinensis 'Pfitzerana' Pfitzer's juniper Kalmia angustifolia Sheep laurel K. latifolia Mountain laurel Kerria japonica Japanese rose Lespedeza thunbergii Bush clover Ligustrum amurense Amur privet Lonicera tatarica Tatarian honeysuckle Myrica cerifera Wax myrtle M. pensylvanica Bayberry Philadelphus coronarius Mock orange Potentilla fruticosa Shrubby cinquefoil Prunus maritima Beach plum Pyracantha coccinea Firethorn Rhamnus cathartica Common buckthorn Rhus glabra Smooth sumac Rosa rugosa Japanese rose Spiraea japonica Japanese spirea

Vines ans Ground Covers

Actinidia arguta (Hardy kiwi) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Manzanita) Campsis radicans (Trumpet creeper) Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet) Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens (Japanese garden juniper) J. conferta (Shore juniper) J. horizontalis (Creeping juniper) Lantana montevidensis (Trailing lantana) Liriope spicata (Lilyturf) Lonicera japonica 'Halliana' (Halls Japanese honeysuckle) Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) Phyla nodiflora (Lippia) Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken) Rhus aromatica (Fragrant sumac) Rosa wichuraiana (Memorial rose) Sedum acre (Golden-carpet) Thymus vulgaris (Common thyme) Vitis (Grape) Wedelia trilobata (Wedelia) Back to Top

Shade-tolerant plants

Annuals

Ageratum boustonianum Browallia Forget-Me-Not Gerinthe major Cleome bassleriana Coleus x hybridus Gomphrena Impatiens Lobelia erinus Matthiola Myosotis sylvatica Nicotiana Nigella damascena Pansy Tropaeolum majus Viola Wax Begonia Wishbone Flower

Perrenials Acanthus Aconitum Adenophora Agapanthus Agastache Alchemilla mollis Allegneny Foamflower Alstroemeria Amsonia Anemone Aquilegia Aruncus Astilbe Begonia, Semperflorens group Bergenia Bleeding Heart Brunnera macrophylla Calibrachoa Campanula Celandine Poppy Cimicifuga Cinnamon Fern Corydalis Creeping Phlox Daylilies Dicentra Dictammnus albus Digitalis Erigeron Eupatorium Filipendula Foxglove Geranium Hellebores Heuchera, x Heucherella Hostas Ligularia Lobelia (most) Lungworts Myosotis scorpioides Nepeta Oenothera Ornamental grasses(some) Phlox (some) Phormium Physostegia virginiana Polygonatum Primroses Primula Pulmonaria Queen-of-the Meadow Rodgersia Solidago Stachys Thalictrum Viola odorata Virginia Bluebells Wild Blue Phlox

Groundcovers

Ajuga Wild Gingers Sweet Woodruff Epimendiums Wintercreeper English Ivy Spotted Lamium Lilyturf Partrigdeberry Japanese Pachysandra Vinca Back to Top

Toxic Plants

Plants that cause irritation Amaryllis Carnation Cyclamen Daffodil Daisy Fig Four o'clock Geranium Rue Stinging nettle

Plants with poisonous foliage Buttercup Datura Delphinium Dieffenbachia Euphorbia Foxglove Iris Monkshood Oleander Philodendron Potato Rhubarb Rue Tomato

Plants with poisonous fruits Castor bean Daphne Euonymus Holly Ivy Lupine Mayapple Potato Pyracantha Wisteria Yew

Plants with all poisonous parts Azalea Bleeding heart Boxwood Crocus Chrysanthemum Daffodil Hydrangea Lily-of-the-valley Mountain laurel Rhododendron Sweet pea Back to Top

Walnut Resistant Plants

Walnut resistant plants are not affected by the toxins of the walnut trees. Acer palmatum Ajuga Alcea rosea (Hollyhock) Artemesia Asarum (Ginger) Astilbe Baptisia Buddleia Campanula Caryopteris Chrysanthemum Clematis Clethra Daphne Digitalis Doronicum Ferns Festuca Galium odoratum Geranium Hemerocallis Heuchera Hibiscus syriacus (Rose of Sharon) Hosta Iris - Siberian Lavender Lonicera (Honeysuckle) Miscanthus Monarda Nepeta Pennisetum Penstemon Phlox paniculata Polemonium Polygonatum Primula Pulmonaria Salvia Sanguinaria canadensis Santolina Sedum Stachys Syringa (Lilacs) Tradescantia Trillium Tsuga canadensis (Hemlock) Viburnums Viola Back to Top

Water plants

Water plants are critical components of aquatic ecossytems. Green water plants and algae provide nutrients to aquatic systems and vital habitat structures for aquatic organisms. Water plants are commonly divided into three main groups: Submergent Floating (Surface) Emergent

Submergent plants

Arrowhead (Sagittaria latofolia) Elodea (Anacharis canadensis) Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum) Parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Sword plants (Echinodorus spp.)

Floating (Surface) plants Azolla (Azolla caroliniana) Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris) Riccia (Riccia fluitans) Salvinia (Salvinia rotundifolia) Water chestnut (Trapa natans) Water fern (Ceratopteris pteridoides) Water lilies (Nymphaea spp.) Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) Watter platters (Victoria spp.) Water poppy (Hydrocleys nymphoides) Water snowflake (Nymphoides indica)

Emergent plants Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Cattails (Typha spp.) Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) Lotus (Nelumbo spp.) Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) Pickerel rush (Pontederia cordata) Sweet flag (Acorus spp.) Water arum (Calla palustris) Water irises (Iris pseudacorus, l. versicolor)

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